RetinaDigest

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In this retrospective cohort of 77 patients with nontraumatic GRTs, 33.8% developed contralateral retinal detachment or GRT, and prophylactic 360° laser photocoagulation showed no significant protective effect against contralateral detachment.

Amniotic membrane transplantation during vitrectomy achieved closure in all eight eyes with extra-large or long-standing macular holes, with improvements in visual function and a favorable safety profile, supporting its use as a viable surgical option for these challenging cases.

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In this retrospective series of 15 eyes with morning glory syndrome-associated retinal detachment, overall anatomic success was only 46.7%, with advanced PVR (grade C), age ≤3 years, and closed-funnel configuration strongly predicting surgical failure.

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A novel postoperative OCT finding termed marginal outer retinal ridge (MORR) — a linear hyperreflective outer retinal ridge parallel to the RRD margin — is identified as a biomarker of retinal displacement and postoperative retinal redundancy following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Using volume-rendered swept-source OCT, Spaide demonstrates that macular holes develop through traction-induced structural failure states rather than a linear staging sequence, with 3D imaging revealing asymmetric vitreous attachments, vitreous tears, prolapse, and retinal flaps not visible on conventional planar imaging.

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In highly myopic eyes with persistent macular detachment following vitrectomy, combining macular buckling with silicone oil removal achieved retinal reattachment in 95.2% of eyes at one year and enabled successful oil-free status in 80.6%, with significant visual improvement in the macular hole-related detachment subgroup.

Systemic tetracycline administration was associated with significantly reduced risk of PVR-related outcomes after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, including a 67% reduction in complex retinal detachment repair and 66% reduction in reoperation rates.

This pilot study used AO-SLO and SS-OCT to characterize postoperative microcystoid macular edema (MME) following ERM surgery, finding that MME eyes exhibited greater central retinal and inner nuclear layer thickness, higher deep vascular complex density, and thinner RNFL, suggesting a distinct pattern of retinal injury and recovery.

Volume-rendered swept-source OCT reveals that macular posterior vitreous detachment most commonly involves circumferential cortical tearing rather than vitreomacular adhesive failure, with residual full-thickness cortical plaques remaining on the macular surface that may serve as a nidus for epiretinal membrane formation.

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This multicenter retrospective study of 44 eyes with concurrent suprachoroidal hemorrhage and retinal detachment (SCH-RD) found guarded visual prognoses overall, with PVR as the key negative prognostic factor and willingness to perform multiple surgeries associated with improved retinal attachment rates.

Following iERM surgery, observed reductions in central perfusion density and FAZ enlargement primarily represent topographic redistribution of macular vasculature rather than true perfusion loss, with greater FAZ enlargement correlating with improved visual acuity.

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Synthetic image augmentation using curated generative AI models significantly improved diabetic retinopathy grading performance, with diffusion-based Medfusion augmentation boosting quadratic weighted kappa from 0.635 to 0.770 and doubling sensitivity for proliferative DR detection.

In DME patients lost to follow-up for ≥6 months who returned with stabilized vision, anti-VEGF retreatment yielded significantly lower rates of visual and anatomical improvement compared to those who returned with vision decline, with patients maintaining VA of 20/50 or better showing no meaningful vision gain despite some anatomical response.

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Among NPDR/DME patients lost to follow-up for >6 months, approximately 27% had persistent ≥10-letter vision loss at one year after resuming anti-VEGF treatment, with VA at return visit and non-White race identified as significant risk factors for sustained visual decline.

In youth with type 1 diabetes, worse glycemic control and elevated blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic retinopathy presence, while higher HbA1c correlated with thinner central subfield and inner plexiform layer thickness, suggesting early retinal neurodegeneration even before clinically apparent retinopathy.

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Preoperative anti-VEGF before diabetic vitrectomy significantly reduces intraoperative and early postoperative vitreous hemorrhage and reoperation rates, with the lowest hemorrhage rates observed when injection precedes surgery by 1–7 days.

Mid-phase hyperfluorescent plaques (MPHPs) on ICGA in CSCR are dynamic, structurally active lesions whose OCT complexity scales with angiographic stage, with EZ/RPE irregularity serving as a near-universal early marker that precedes plaque formation.

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OCT angiography-guided navigated laser treatment achieved complete subretinal fluid resolution in 47.8% of eyes with neovascular CSCR, rising to 65% when excluding fovea-involving CNV, demonstrating it as a safe and effective alternative to fluorescein angiography-guided approaches.

A large UK Biobank study identified two distinct prediagnostic macular thickness profiles in 40,078 participants, with a pattern characterized by thinner inner/outer superior subfields and thicker central/outer subfields associated with a 39–59% increased risk of developing AMD.

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In 31 patients with coexisting GA and nAMD, adding pegcetacoplan to ongoing anti-VEGF therapy was associated with a 44% reduction in GA lesion growth rate over one year, with visual acuity remaining stable throughout the two-year observation period.

In this randomized trial of PCV treated with aflibercept monotherapy versus combination reduced-fluence PDT, early reduction in branching neovascular network vessel density on OCTA at week 12 was independently associated with polypoidal lesion closure at week 52, suggesting OCTA vascular metrics may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for predicting treatment response.

In a large target trial emulation using real-world EHR data, levodopa ± carbidopa use was associated with a ~30% reduction in 3-year risk of conversion from non-neovascular to neovascular AMD, while DRD2 agonists showed no significant protective effect.

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This multicenter study of 301 eyes found that Asian patients with Type 3 macular neovascularization (T3 MNV) present younger and with lesions significantly closer to the fovea compared to White patients, while reticular pseudodrusen are more prevalent in Whites, suggesting ethnic variation in T3 MNV presentation patterns.

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Histopathologic analysis of eyes implanted with the PRIMA subretinal photovoltaic array demonstrated good biocompatibility, with no significant encapsulation or inflammatory response and viable, layered retina overlying the implant at both 7 weeks and 18 months post-implantation.

Gildeuretinol acetate (C20D3-vitamin A) did not meet its primary endpoint of reducing geographic atrophy growth rate at 24 months, but prespecified sensitivity and secondary analyses showed nominally significant reductions in GA progression and functional decline compared to placebo.

In a large propensity score-matched cohort of over 5.5 million diabetic adults, GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with a 16% lower hazard of any AMD compared to other noninsulin antidiabetic agents, without increased risk of neovascular AMD.

This large retrospective observational study found no significant association between semaglutide use and neovascular AMD risk in adults with type 2 diabetes, compared to multiple active comparator antidiabetic agents.

In a retrospective cohort of 84 patients with macular disease on anti-VEGF therapy, time-in-range (TIR) and time-in-maintenance (TIM) metrics derived from smartphone-based home hyperacuity monitoring served as distinct, actionable longitudinal biomarkers—with TIR correlating with visual and anatomic outcomes and TIM correlating with injection frequency.

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Using Mendelian randomization and observational genetic analyses across European and East Asian populations, greater genetically proxied CETP inhibition was consistently associated with significantly increased risk of both early and advanced AMD, raising an important retinal safety signal for this drug class.

This case report describes the first documented instance of torpedo maculopathy complicated by both choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and secondary multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) in a 28-year-old male, illustrating that congenital macular anomalies can progress to complex neovascular and inflammatory sequelae.

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In a propensity score-matched cohort of over 25,000 hyperlipidemic patients, PCSK9 inhibitors were associated with significantly lower risk of retinal vascular occlusions compared to other lipid-lowering agents, with risk reductions of 44–54% across 3-, 5-, and 7-year follow-up periods.

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Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores independently predict worse visual acuity outcomes at 1 year in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, with the strongest effect seen in the most comorbid patients.

In this retrospective cohort of 161 eyes with retinal arterial macroaneurysms (RAM), both observation and treatment achieved 100% resolution rates, though early treatment significantly accelerated resolution (362 vs. 536 days) without conferring a statistically significant final visual acuity benefit.

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A national survey of 116 US retina specialists found that while over 90% actively manage inherited retinal diseases and order genetic testing, only about half feel confident interpreting results, revealing significant gaps in genetic counseling capacity and clinical preparedness.

A systematic screen of 9,139 single-gene knockout mouse lines identified 18 novel candidate genes exhibiting concurrent retinopathy and hearing loss, suggesting potential new causative genes for Usher syndrome warranting further human genetic investigation.

In RPGR gene therapy trials, microperimetry-based endpoints detected functional improvement in significantly more patients (45–64%) compared to FDA-aligned low-luminance visual acuity responder criteria (20%), while also enabling broader patient eligibility by reducing floor-effect exclusions.

An optimized rAAV5-RPGR ORF15 vector delivered via subretinal injection demonstrated dose-dependent preservation of photoreceptor structure and partial restoration of retinal function in a complete Rpgr-knockout mouse model, providing preclinical proof-of-concept for gene replacement therapy in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.

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In a 3-year longitudinal study of 57 RP eyes, ellipsoid zone width (EZW) was most strongly associated with visual field decline, while outer segment (OS) thickness best correlated with visual acuity changes, suggesting distinct OCT biomarkers track different functional domains in RP progression.

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Abstract not available — see full article for details.

In this retrospective study of 181 eyes treated for ROP, intravitreal bevacizumab was associated with significantly lower overall and early retreatment rates compared to laser photocoagulation, with all retreatments occurring exclusively in micro- or nano-premature infants (<27 weeks GA and/or <800g).

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Using an AI-derived vascular severity score (VSS), this study found that higher VSS correlated with more advanced ROP stage, greater extent of stage 3, and more posterior zone in both US and Indian cohorts, though Indian patients exhibited lower VSS for equivalent ROP stages, suggesting pathophysiologic differences between populations.

Two-port nonvitrectomy endolaser therapy (TPNVE) achieved 100% anatomical success in 47 eyes with moderate-to-severe stage 3A Coats disease over a median follow-up of nearly 6 years, with approximately half of eyes requiring only a single treatment session.

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This case report describes an unprecedented presentation of bilateral en coup de sabre (ECDS) with bilateral ocular adnexal involvement, retinal ischemia leading to tractional retinal detachment with secondary Coats-like features, and bilateral mixed hearing loss, expanding the known phenotypic spectrum of this rare craniofacial linear scleroderma variant.

In a tertiary referral series, over half of posterior scleritis cases were initially misdiagnosed—most commonly as choroidal mass lesions, optic neuritis, or orbital cellulitis—highlighting the condition's protean presentation and the critical need for routine B-scan ultrasonography in the diagnostic workup.

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In this multicenter retrospective study of 46 eyes with APMPPE, pigment epithelium detachments (PEDs) were present in over half of eyes and were significantly associated with worse baseline visual acuity, bacillary layer detachment, and serous retinal detachment, suggesting PEDs may serve as an OCT biomarker of disease severity and choriocapillaris ischemia.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Patients with Cushing syndrome demonstrate significantly increased choroidal thickness, choroidal vascularity index, and deep capillary plexus vessel density compared to healthy controls, with choroidal parameters normalizing following adrenalectomy in proportion to cortisol reduction.

Persistent placoid maculopathy carries a poor visual prognosis, with severe visual loss in one-third of eyes and choroidal neovascularization in 65% of cases; systemic treatment was significantly associated with better final visual acuity.

In a large retrospective cohort study using U.S. electronic health records, vaccination against COVID-19, HPV, varicella, and herpes zoster was associated with a 56–71% reduction in the risk of new-onset idiopathic uveitis at 12 months compared with matched unvaccinated controls.

Midphase hyperfluorescent plaques (MPHP) on ICG angiography are dynamic biomarkers of disease activity in CSCR, with PDT demonstrating the greatest reduction in MPHP area and subretinal fluid resolution compared to laser, eplerenone, or observation.

Antiadalimumab antibodies developed in nearly 30% of patients with inflammatory ocular disease during monitoring, with a cumulative incidence approaching 50% by 8 years, and were associated with significantly lower drug levels and active ocular inflammation.

In a retrospective study of 704 patients on adalimumab for autoimmune diseases, ocular inflammation was identified as an independent risk factor for antidrug antibody (AAA) formation (aOR 2.19), alongside female sex and treatment interruption, with over 21% of the cohort testing AAA-positive.

An international expert taskforce developed consensus-based multimodal imaging guidelines for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, establishing that CFP, OCT, and ICGA are the cornerstone modalities for diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and complication detection.

The MUV Task Force developed consensus-based multimodal imaging guidelines for cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), establishing that color fundus photography (CFP) remains the primary imaging modality, with OCT and fundus fluorescein angiography serving as complementary tools for detecting complications.

This multi-institutional retrospective study of 11 patients with West Nile virus uveitis over 2.5 years demonstrates that while the condition is often self-limited, a significant subset requires long-term immunomodulatory therapy for refractory CME and retinal vasculitis, with rare but serious complications including peripheral retinal neovascularization.

In a large nationwide matched cohort study of over 12,000 adults, sarcoidosis was significantly associated with increased prevalence of all five major ocular manifestations and a markedly elevated long-term incidence of uveitis, while an exploratory finding linked cardiac sarcoidosis to retinitis.

In juvenile SLE patients, OCTA revealed subclinical reductions in RNFL thickness, choroidal thickness, and superficial capillary plexus density compared to healthy controls, with significant correlations between retinal and nailfold capillaroscopy findings suggesting complementary microvascular involvement.

A 36-year-old woman with Sjögren's syndrome developed aggressive bilateral retinal vasculitis and progressive outer retinal atrophy that proved refractory to systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy, ultimately resulting in irreversible loss of outer retinal architecture despite systemic disease stabilization.

A 37-year-old woman developed panuveitis with cystoid macular edema following cosmetic eyebrow tattooing, requiring escalating immunosuppression to achieve remission, highlighting tattoo-associated uveitis as an underdiagnosed entity ophthalmologists should consider in unexplained uveitis.

Ocular proton therapy for uveal melanoma causes marked reduction in subbasal nerve plexus parameters—including corneal nerve fiber density, branch density, and fiber length—with only partial recovery at 12 months, while corneal sensitivity and cell density remain largely preserved.

A 74-year-old woman with unilateral progressive vision loss and necrotizing retinitis-like fundus findings was ultimately diagnosed with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) via diagnostic vitrectomy, highlighting three early clinical clues that distinguish PVRL from acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

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Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Ultra-widefield swept-source OCT (UWF-OCT) achieved 100% complete measurability for small and medium choroidal tumors in a single scan, substantially outperforming SD-OCT, though it underestimates tumor dimensions compared to ultrasonography and MRI and has limited utility for large or mushroom-shaped lesions.

Transscleral fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) prior to irradiation for uveal melanoma is safe, with no significant increase in extraocular relapse, metastasis, or mortality compared to matched non-biopsied controls; however, obtaining somatic genetic data did not improve overall patient prognosis over the 10-year study period.

In a large Korean ocular oncology cohort, over 80% of patients referred for suspected uveal melanoma had pseudomelanomas, with distinct age-specific diagnostic patterns that can guide clinical differentiation.

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This systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 studies found that parallel testing of the IL-10:IL-6 ratio combined with MYD88 mutation analysis achieved 97.1% sensitivity and 97.0% specificity for diagnosing primary vitreoretinal lymphoma, outperforming individual biomarkers alone.

Pediatric patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma demonstrate faster anatomical regression following I-125 plaque brachytherapy than adults, though 5-year tumor control and visual outcomes are comparable between age groups.

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) detects significantly prolonged fluorescence lifetimes in pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy compared to controls, with lifetimes correlating with disease severity, suggesting FLIO as a promising noninvasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring this condition.

Silicone oil droplet contamination during intravitreal anti-VEGF injections is common in chronically treated eyes, driven by syringe design and handling factors, but can be minimized through silicone-free syringes and refined injection technique.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies found that biosimilar anti-VEGF agents are comparable to their reference biologics in both visual outcomes and safety profile across major retinal diseases, supported by moderate-to-high certainty evidence.

In this retrospective cohort study of 84 eyes with exogenous infectious endophthalmitis, pars plana vitrectomy performed within 72 hours of symptom onset was independently associated with significantly greater visual recovery at both 3 months and 1 year compared to initial tap-and-inject therapy, regardless of presenting visual acuity.

This 15-year retrospective study of 50 eyes with subretinal abscess found that non-tubercular etiologies predominated (65%), microbiological confirmation was often elusive, and visual outcomes were uniformly poor regardless of etiology, with over one-third of eyes progressing to no light perception.