RetinaDigest

A multistream deep learning model integrating eight types of OCT imaging modalities achieved 80% accuracy in predicting visual impairment (≤20/50) in patients with epiretinal membrane, outperforming single-modality models.

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This multicenter study of 47 eyes identified 9 distinct etiologies of peripapillary retinoschisis (PPRS), establishing a comprehensive classification system and introducing a new entity called 'Focal Optic Disc Dome' (FODD).

In myopic maculoschisis patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy, the presence of concurrent macular detachment did not significantly affect postoperative visual or anatomical outcomes, with both groups achieving similar final visual acuity and foveal relief rates.

Inner foveal irregularities (IFI) identified on OCT after vitreomacular detachment are a significant morphologic risk factor for full-thickness macular hole development in fellow eyes, with a 44.4% cumulative risk at 24 months.

Advanced electron microscopy reveals that inner limiting membrane (ILM) pores are formed by Müller cell processes protruding through the ILM, potentially contributing to epiretinal membrane formation.

Hyperreflective spots (HRS) on OCT increase with epiretinal membrane severity and correlate with visual acuity in early stages (1-2) but lose this predictive value in advanced stages (3-4).

Gliosis develops in 12.3% of patients after macular hole surgery with ILM flap technique, primarily in cases with larger baseline hole diameter and worse preoperative visual acuity.

This meta-analysis of 984 eyes found that heavy silicone oil (HSO) and standard silicone oil (SSO) achieve comparable anatomical success rates and visual outcomes in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery, but HSO is associated with significantly higher rates of IOP elevation and emulsification.

Six experienced ophthalmologists showed only moderate agreement (κ=0.57) when classifying posterior vitreous detachment on SD-OCT in patients with epiretinal membrane and macular hole, with particularly poor agreement for completely attached vitreous cases.

This meta-analysis of 673 Stickler syndrome patients found that COL2A1 variants carry a 1.78-fold higher risk of retinal detachment compared to COL11A1 variants (47% vs 28% incidence).

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This retrospective study of 627,434 diabetic retinopathy patients found significant racial disparities, with Black and Hispanic patients experiencing substantially higher risks of blindness, vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, and diabetic macular edema compared to other racial groups.

This prospective study using ultrawide-field swept-source OCTA reveals that pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) works through a dual mechanism: direct thermal damage reducing choroidal vascularity and adaptive compensation via choroidal-derived intraretinal neovascularization (CDIRN) at 72.5% of laser scars.

This study demonstrates that intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs) detected on swept-source OCT angiography are strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy severity, with specific morphological subtypes and distribution patterns serving as predictors of severe NPDR.

Researchers developed a generative AI model that creates realistic ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography images from color fundus photographs without requiring IV dye injection, significantly improving diabetic retinopathy screening accuracy.

This large retrospective study found no significant differences in sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy risk among different GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, and exenatide) in patients with type 2 diabetes at moderate cardiovascular risk.

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In MacTel type-2, exudative macular neovascularization (ExMNV) can develop directly without preceding pigmentation in 2% of cases, bypassing the typical disease progression pattern.

This retrospective cohort study of 10,468 Taiwanese patients found that oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) use was associated with an 81% reduction in overall AMD risk, with stronger protective effects against dry AMD than wet AMD.

Researchers identified Type 4 macular neovascularization (MNV) as a new, aggressive AMD phenotype characterized by mixed Type 1/2 neovascularization with extensive intraretinal anastomotic networks and poor visual outcomes despite anti-VEGF therapy.

Long-term metformin use (≥5 years) in diabetic patients aged ≥60 was associated with a 32% reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration compared to non-users.

A randomized controlled trial of 579 treatment-naïve nAMD patients demonstrated that biosimilar ABP 938 is clinically equivalent to reference aflibercept, with no meaningful differences in efficacy, safety, or immunogenicity.

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This large nationwide cohort study of nearly 40,000 patients found that retinal vascular occlusion is associated with a 57-76% increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease and related dementias.

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Young patients (18-50 years) with retinal vein occlusions but no identifiable risk factors have significantly increased long-term risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke compared to matched controls, but not myocardial infarction.

Widefield en face OCT imaging of RPE alterations demonstrates high sensitivity (88.2%) for detecting complex CSCR and offers a reliable, noninvasive method for rapid CSCR classification.

Misdiagnosis occurs in 35.8% of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) cases, with delays in correct diagnosis averaging 38.5 months, though diagnostic accuracy has improved significantly since 2020.

This comparative study of 34 eyes with large retinal capillary aneurysms found that primary and secondary lesions have similar imaging characteristics, but secondary LRCAs show significantly better treatment responses and visual outcomes compared to primary lesions.

This UK Biobank study of over 500,000 participants found that retinal vascular occlusions were associated with increased dementia risk, but this association disappeared after adjusting for shared cardiovascular risk factors.

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This multicenter study of 66 CRB1-associated inherited retinal dystrophy patients identified inflammatory-like fundus features as core characteristics, with preserved para-arteriolar RPE being the most common finding (77.5%) and severity correlating with genotype.

CORD patients with RPGR mutations experience significantly faster central retinal sensitivity decline compared to rod-cone dystrophy patients, with 2-3 times higher annual decline rates and earlier median survival to total central vision loss.

Quantitative contrast sensitivity function testing reveals significantly reduced contrast sensitivity across spatial frequencies in macular telangiectasia type 2 eyes compared to controls, with changes correlating with early structural OCT alterations.

Patients with Stargardt disease experience significant diagnostic delays averaging nearly 11 years from symptom onset to inherited retinal disease specialist evaluation, with intermediate-onset patients facing the longest delays and progressive vision loss during this period.

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In patients with regressed ROP, late-onset retinal detachment is predominantly rhegmatogenous (95%) with favorable surgical outcomes, while tractional detachments require multiple surgeries and have poorer anatomical success rates.

International expert consensus on Coats disease achieved agreement on 92.3% of clinical statements, establishing standardized approaches for classification, diagnosis, and prognosis while identifying remaining controversies in treatment and pathogenesis.

This Swedish register-based study found that topical dexamethasone eye drops significantly reduced the need for traditional ROP treatments (laser or anti-VEGF injections) in preterm infants with type 2 ROP, with treatment rates dropping from 72% to 13% at the intervention site.

En bloc excision of extensive subretinal fibrosis through wide retinotomy is more effective than piecemeal removal in pediatric FEVR patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, achieving successful reattachment and improved visual outcomes.

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This is the first case series documenting active retinal vasculitis in systemic sclerosis patients, showing that ocular inflammation in this condition predominantly manifests as retinal vascular involvement rather than typical uveitis patterns.

Ocular sarcoidosis occurs in 13.5% of systemic sarcoidosis patients and is associated with more persistent systemic disease activity and higher rates of central nervous system involvement.

This case report describes the first documented case of bilateral panuveitis with occlusive retinal vasculitis in anti-synthetase syndrome, expanding the known spectrum of ocular manifestations beyond the commonly reported dry eye disease.

This multicenter randomized trial of 112 patients with active, refractory non-infectious uveitis found that adalimumab and tocilizumab demonstrated comparable efficacy, while anakinra was ineffective and discontinued early.

Early immunosuppressive treatment of VKH disease within the therapeutic window of opportunity (before anterior segment inflammation develops) preserves photoreceptor function and prevents sunset glow fundus development.

This large retrospective study of 5,703 uveitis patients demonstrates significant sex-based differences in uveitic entities and complications, with females showing higher rates of certain inflammatory conditions and bilateral vision loss.

A bibliometric analysis of 180 U.S. academic uveitis specialists found median research impact (m-RCR) of 1.28, exceeding the standardized benchmark of 1.0, with significant variation by academic rank and years since residency completion.

This study of 185 eyes with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy (iMFC/PIC) found that 75% had lesions spatially aligned with lacquer cracks, suggesting these inflammatory lesions may represent secondary reactions to mechanical outer retinal disruption in highly myopic eyes rather than purely idiopathic disease.

Switching from originator to biosimilar TNF-α inhibitors (adalimumab/infliximab) in noninfectious uveitis patients showed clinical equivalence with no significant increase in flare rates or changes in steroid/immunosuppressive use.

In this South Korean cohort of 382 uveitis patients, T-SPOT.TB positivity (32.7%) was not associated with specific uveitis clinical features or treatment patterns, suggesting it may reflect background latent TB infection rather than active ocular involvement.

This registry study of 700 patients found that noninfectious uveitis activity varies significantly across female reproductive life stages, with peaks during early puberty and perimenopause that are specific to women.

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This large retrospective cohort study found that patients with migraine have a 2.74-fold increased risk of developing central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) compared to controls, suggesting a potential shared pathophysiologic mechanism.

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Weekly adalimumab dosing achieved treatment success in 52% of patients with inadequately controlled noninfectious uveitis, with posterior uveitis showing better outcomes than panuveitis.

Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injection demonstrated significant anatomical and visual improvements in noninfectious cystoid macular edema of mixed etiologies, with complete resolution in 58.6% of eyes at 1 month and a favorable safety profile.

This retrospective study of 8 patients (11 eyes) with relentless placoid chorioretinitis demonstrated that all patients achieved disease control with immunosuppressive therapy, with mean visual acuity improving from 20/80 to 20/25.

Real-world study of 76 eyes treated with suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide for uveitic macular edema found an 11.8% incidence of ocular hypertension, with prior glaucoma/OHT history being a significant risk factor.

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A novel uveal melanoma staging system combining tumor volume, clinical factors, and genetic alterations provides superior risk stratification compared to traditional anatomical location-based classification systems.

High-dose intravitreal topotecan (90-100 μg) demonstrated 100% safety with no local or systemic complications across 81 consecutive injections in 25 eyes with recurrent retinoblastoma, achieving complete tumor control.

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Low-dose-rate Iodine-125 episcleral plaque brachytherapy achieved 93% local control in 1,807 uveal melanoma patients over 38 years, with complication rates comparable to literature reports.

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Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs in 0.13-0.18% of open globe injuries, with most cases presenting within 6 months, and early enucleation does not significantly reduce risk.

Nonmydriatic fundus photography with OCT in a general emergency department identified clinically relevant findings in 64% of patients with vision symptoms, proving most valuable for diagnosing posterior segment and neurologic disorders.

This retrospective case series of 12 eyes documents direct retinal injury from intravitreal injections, showing that while rare, these complications can lead to serious sequelae including retinal detachment with PVR but generally have good outcomes with appropriate management.

This multicenter retrospective study of 143 eyes with suprachoroidal hemorrhage found that visual prognosis remains guarded with mean improvement of 0.41 logMAR at 6 months, while concurrent retinal detachment predicts worse outcomes and systemic steroids may provide modest visual benefit.

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This systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies found that prefilled syringes (both manufacturer-prefilled and pharmacy-compounded) reduce endophthalmitis risk by approximately 47-48% compared to glass vial preparations for intravitreal injections.